Free Frankenstein Essays: The Letters and Chapters 1 & 2 :: Frankenstein essays

Frankenstein: The Letters and Chapters 1 & 2 A first impression of Walton would be to say that he is extremely ambitious. He desires to go to the North Pole to "accomplish some great purpose". He has his own theories on what should be there, and will not rest until he has proved them. This is somewhat a 'Godlike' ambition, in that he wishes to be praised for discovering something new which will benefit everyone else in the world. The language used is also very much like Old Testament, Biblical; "Heaven shower down blessings on you". The image of Walton being 'Godlike' is enhanced by this. However, he is disrespectful of his family, as he goes against his fathers "dying injunction", which had "forbidden" him from embarking on a "seafaring life". He seems to be very egocentric, and not aware of anyone else or their feelings. He is deliberately disobeying his father to pursue a personal ambition. He is leaving his sister in England, and at the end of each letter he writes that he may not see her again, "Farewell my dear, excellent Margaret", "Remember me with affection, should you never hear from me again". Each time she receives a letter from him, she will be hopeful of his return and safety, and then he writes "Shall I meet you again?". This is selfish of him, as it will worry her even more about his expedition. Again this 'Godlike' theme reoccurs as he is doing what he wants to do. Having only been educated about this passion through his own reading, he cannot really be sure of what he will discover once he reaches his destination. His beliefs that "snow and frost are banished" from the North Pole seem as eccentric as believing that the earth is flat. But of course he doesn't see it this way, he needs to prove his own theory. After failing at being a poet he doesn't want to fail as a scientist and explorer either. He is confident in his beliefs and will stop at nothing, not even employment as an "under-mate in a Greenland Whaler", to get where he wants to be, and hopefully find what he wants to discover. In the second letter, Walton writes about his desire for a friend. As he has left all his acquaintances in England, he no longer has anyone to convey theories and ideas to, "participate" in his "joy", or comfort him in times of despair.

Different Types of Human Communication

Different Types of Human Communication Most animals communicate with each other in some way. Dogs bark at those they perceive as a threat in order to communicate their hostility and in some cases the threat that they will attack if provoked; bees have a pouch in which they carry the scent of their hive so as to identify themselves as members of the community. However, it is only in humans that communication breaks off into different types of communication: verbal and non-verbal, and formal and informal. Verbal communication is just what one would expect from the name: communication using words, and in some cases written characters. There are subcategories for verbal communication, depending on who is at the receiving end of the communication. The main division is between interpersonal communication, in which one person speaks directly to another person, and public or group speaking, in which one person speaks to a large group. From here, the intention of the person speaking breaks it down into still further categories depending on whether they are trying to persuade the listener or listeners to think or act in a certain way, to convey information in the clearest manner possible, or even to entertain. However, in many cases, the intentions of the speaker will overlap: speakers may want to persuade, inform, and entertain their audiences all at the same time. Sometimes, they may even be unaware of what their true intentions are themselves. Non-verbal communication is the type that is more similar to what the dogs and bees mentioned above do. Non-verbal communication includes all the information we convey to others, whether consciously or subconsciously, without actually using any words. Probably the most ubiquitous example of non verbal communication is that of facial expressions. For example, when a person rolls their eyes at someone, they are expressing skepticism about what the speaker said. They are not using any words to convey this message, but using their understanding of the non-verbal cues they can send that message without having to explicitly say, â€Å"I really find what you are saying unbelievable†. Not all facial expressions are so calculated though: there are those like smiles that come naturally when someone is happy, and indicate this to others. Beyond these more explicit examples, there are more subtle instances of non-verbal communication. For example, clothing: just as the male peacock uses a vibrant display of his colorful feathers to signal to a potential mate that he is a desirable choice, people use clothing in order to send messages about themselves (whether they are true or not). In this vein, a man going to a job interview will usually wear a suit and tie in order to convey the idea that he is a very professional person. Unlike facial expressions, this kind of non-verbal communication is more like verbal communication because it is arbitrary – there is no intrinsic reason why a suit and tie should convey the idea of professionalism any more than a Japanese kimono would. It is simply that it has become a cultural norm that a suit and tie is what a professional person wears, and as such it becomes a symbol and a means of non-verbal communication. Formal communication is more strongly associated with large and small group speaking. It is more rule bound, and is more centered on the speaker getting some kind of result. For example, speaking to a board room full of business executives in order to convince them to accept a marketing strategy is an example of formal communication: what is said and how it is said is rule-bound to what is considered appropriate for the setting, and it is directed toward the specific end of getting the executives to accept the ad campaign. Furthermore, their are instances of symbolic non-verbal communication, such as the wearing of business attire in order to appear professional. Informal communication is associated with interpersonal communication. While it is still rule bound by the social norms of the those communicating, there is much more room for the speaker to be free in what he or she says. Informal communication is also much less tied to specific ends: in many cases, it takes place simply for the speaker to express what they think and feel about anything in particular, and the speaking is undertaken as an end it itself. It is a much more emotionally involved form of communication, in large part because there is less emphasis on symbolic non-verbal communication and more emphasis on saying what one really feels. Although these various types of communication are very different, they are all indispensable tools for communicating with and understanding others. In order to be able to look at others and truly appreciate what they are trying to convey and whether what they are saying has any value, one needs to have a thorough understanding of all types. Informal Communication If formal communication is viewed like dressing for a black tie affair, informal communication is like dressing casually and wearing slippers around the house. Much informal communication occurs on a person-to-person basis, in a face-to-face manner, without ceremony or fanfare. Other ways to communicate in an informal manner may include texting, post-it notes, an informal drop in visit to another person, or a quick and spontaneous meeting. Informal communication includes all the various methods of relaying information or messages between people. It often is called â€Å"the grapevine† as messages weave back and forth and around people. There are none of the trappings of formal messages, such as company letterhead, planned meetings or specific introductions of guests. Everyone is relaxed and casual, eager to chat about many things, as there is no specific agenda to follow. This type of communication frequently is oral, and works easily for small groups. The scope of the conversation may be broader than a formal presentation, and include topics that are diverse in nature, free flowing and loose rather than scripted carefully. Unfortunately, informal communication is subject to creating rumors and misinformation due to its loose nature and lack of substantiating evidence. This is the type of interaction that occurs in the workplace as banter between employees, or idle chatting. It is seen as blog entries on the Internet. At colleges, students are encouraged to drop by their professors’ offices as needed, informally. Other informal web communication is seen in diaries, personal email letters, instant messaging, emoticons, online chat rooms and cyberspace bulletin boards. Informal communication also may take a non-verbal form as facial expressions, sign language, or manner of dress. In spoken language, the informal communicative style incorporates the use of the second and first voices. This is in contrast to the use of the third person voice in formal communications. One of the visible signs of informal communication is its natural and easy style, as opposed to being formally regimented. There may be the use of colloquialisms and local slang in the course of speech. It is unconventional and without rules, which is just the opposite of formal. Informal communication is used to help put people at ease. This can be seen in an interview situation where an interviewer such as a paralegal needs to make a little small talk to help get clients to relax, feel welcome and open up verbally. The use of informal language is far more prevalent in society than the use of formal language. Formal Communication Formal communication can be considered as communication efforts that are â€Å"dressed up† to fit customary rules and ceremony For example, in a written letter, the formal communication style will demand that the layout of the piece of written communication follow a specific format that includes the date, header, salutation, body of the letter, close, signature lines and any indicators of enclosures all placed neatly upon company letterhead or personal stationery. By contrast, an informal piece of written communication can be as simple as a jotted note to a friend on a torn slip of paper Formal communications are mostly written, although they may now also include formal presentations that are on computer disk, video tape or DVDs, MP3 presentations and other similar electronic reproductions of written communications. Other forms of formal communications include newsletters, legal advisories, invitations, awards, and letters of congratulations. Non-written formal communication devices are in-person communications in the forms of departmental meetings, telephone calls, conferences and special interviews. Some publications that are devoted to a special purpose, such as a company’s annual report, are formal communications. There is a non-verbal component to formal communication as well. The style and manners of the presenter dictate the formalness of a meeting, and this can be immediately seen at the time of introduction of a speaker. Some elements of non-verbal formal communication include maintaining a certain distance from others, standing above the crowd, speaking in formal tones and using formal means of address to others, such as â€Å"Mister† or â€Å"Doctor† when calling upon others. Colloquialisms, which are freely used in informal communication, are not present in formal communications. Proper English or another language is spoken. Formal communications will follow a chain of command in the flow of the communication, either upwards to or down from managers. The use of formal communication is more prevalent in highly technical areas where a message must be exact and specific, leaving no room for misinterpretation. The written communication is carefully thought out, and planned for a certain effect or result. It often is written in a third person non-personal voice of â€Å"he, she, it, and they† rather than â€Å"I† or â€Å"you† voices. Grammar, spelling and layout are important for written communications, and for spoken communications there is an emphasis placed on the quality of the speech voice and pronunciation. Some formal communications are congratulatory, others can be advisory or informational. Legal papers follow a tightly formatted layout that is customary within the professional and widely used by others. Likewise, scientific research papers have a customary format to follow. Any written communication that is expected to adhere to particular rules can be considered to be formal communication, and the actual tone of the piece may range from friendly to threatening. It can be more demanding and imply expectations to the receiver that should create desired results. Communication through Body Language Communication is how human beings interact with the world that surrounds them. There are many forms of communication, some being more effective at conveying the intent or feelings of the individual expressing than others. Many people have a hard time with communication, and can find it difficult to tell others what they think or to give them bad news. Sometimes, they can’t find the right words to express the things they want to say. There are also those people who are not to be believed due to a history of dishonesty or embellishing the truth. One form of communication, however, is always honest and can always be counted on. Body language is a form of communication that is performed subconsciously. It occurs almost constantly, and will almost always give the correct impression that a person has of someone else, the environment, or the situation at hand. Body language makes it easy to know if someone is nervous, scared, interested, or focused, among many other feelings that could be happening. Learning to read body language can be as simple as paying attention to your own body when feeling specific emotions. For example, if you are able to notice the unconscious things that your body does when you are nervous, then it should be simple for you to be able to see when another person is nervous in a certain situation. Often, reading the body language of another person will tell you more than having an actual conversation would, especially if the conversation has the potential to be uncomfortable or is something that no one wants to acknowledge. On the lighter side of body language communication, it can be a very helpful tool in determining how interested another person is in you. When single people meet for the first time, reading the signs of body language can help you to determine if this person has any interest in you beyond friendship. If on a date, the person leans towards you when you are speaking or has their arms at their sides with the front of their body facing towards you, that is a sign that signifies a true interest in the things you are saying. If, on the other hand, they have their arms crossed, are leaning back in their chair with their back turned towards you, and are avoiding contact, they probably are not interested. These are some good physical indicators that you could be wasting your time. Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is any kind of communication not involving words. When the term is used, most people think of facial expressions and gestures, but while these are important elements of nonverbal communication, they are not the only ones. Nonverbal communication can include vocal sounds that are not words such as grunts, sighs, and whimpers. Even when actual words are being used, there are nonverbal sound elements such as voice tone, pacing of speech and so forth. Nonverbal communication can be incorporated in a person’s dress. In our society, a person wearing a police uniform is already communicating an important message before they say a word. Another example is a man’s business suit, which is perceived by some as communicating an air of efficiency and professionalism. While each of these cues conveys a message, so does its absence. In some settings, failing to express a nonverbal cue also communicates meaning. A policeman out of uniform is called â€Å"plainclothes† and is seen as deliberately trying to conceal his role. To some, this may make him seem smart or efficient, while others may consider him sneaky or untrustworthy. In the same way, a businessman who does not wear a suit is conveying an air of casualness which some would consider slightly less professional. In the modern world, â€Å"dressing down† implies a relaxation of professional standards that is much more than just a change of clothes. Many cues are based on learned cultural standards, but there are some elements of nonverbal communication that are universal. Paul Eckman’s landmark research on facial expressions in the 1960? s found that the expressions for emotions such as anger, fear, sadness and surprise are the same across all cultural barriers. The setting where communication takes place also lends a meaning to words apart from their literal definition, and constitutes nonverbal communication. For instance, the word â€Å"tradition† means one thing when it is spoken in City Hall, and quite another when it is spoken in a church. The sign of a cross takes on great cultural meaning when used in a religious context, but on a road sign it just means that an intersection is coming up. Some nonverbal communication accompanies words and modifies their meanings. For instance, our speed of speaking and the pauses we place between our words form a nonverbal element to our speech. A slight pause before a word can imply uncertainty or be interpreted as a request for confirmation from the listener, whereas a lack of pauses can be taken as a sign of confidence or the encouragement of a fast reply from the listener. If someone asks you a question in a hurried manner, you will probably get the feeling that they want a similarly quick reply. The use of personal space constitutes a form of nonverbal communication. If someone leans toward their listener as they speak, it implies that they are communicating something personal or secret. Depending on the social nuances of the situation, this may be taken as a sign of friendship or an unwanted invasion of space. The use of touching as an element of communication is called haptic communication, and its meanings are very culture-dependent. In American society, a handshake, a pat on the shoulder or a â€Å"high five† have certain definite meanings understood by practically everybody. In other societies, these might be enigmatic acts or an embarrassing invasion of personal space. The use of the eyes as an element of nonverbal communication is an area of study in itself, and is called â€Å"oculesics. † Researchers have divided eye movements into separate elements such as the number and length of eye contacts, blink rate, dilation of the pupils and so forth. Here again, the interpretation of these cues is highly dependent on the culture of the participants. A prolonged stare may establish a bond of trust, or destroy it. It may elicit a reply from the person being stared at, or it may make them become uncommunicative from embarrassment. This is how most of our communication takes place. When we consider the amount of nonverbal communication that passes between us and compare it with the mere words we say, it is obvious that the nonverbal part is by far the largest.

The factors in external business environments - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1810 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? External Business Environment is the factors which happen outside the organization. It includes character of goods, civilization of buying, technology communications, financing with directive, customers, competitors, and many more which are considered for building an effective business. Every businesss major norm is to craft earnings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The factors in external business environments" essay for you Create order The capability of industry building profits are exaggerated by the competitors dealings as of all opponents will be constantly seeking for gaining each others advantages by differentiating their services and goods. Competitors will always seek for providing good value for their money. The system of society is a fabric of attitudes, ideas and the patterns of behavior which involves rapports of the humans. Any business is influenced by the consumer behavior along with their attitudes and other factors like, age, population as well as leisure and nature of work. The financial system will facilitate the business swap. Financial activities are based on the earnings, saving, spending and borrowings. Financial activities involve the businesses in web of rapports which also involves the monetary institutions, debtors, suppliers, creditors and customers. The significant financial influence for any business is rate of interest. The legal system will provide the rules and regulations by the business operate. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IN BUSINESS DECISION MAKING Any businesses have to act and also react according to what is happening away of office and also the company. Any factors which happen outside the organizations are said to be external influences or factors or even external environment. The external influences will affect the inner functions of organization and also affect the business strategies and objectives. The impact of the business depends on the dominant forces of the humanity, creation of society commitments, and role of environment considerations in decision making process of the business. One of them is the performance of environment and the competitive advantage studies the matters like, when do the business will be green? The external environment includes the study of the sectoral standard setting which associates the effective regulations for the environmental decision making of the members. Environmental disclosure and accounting practices studies how the environmental performances will affect the economic perform ances and how it can be measured effectively? The influence of government policies on the decision making of business will study how to design and create the incentives for avoiding the privileges in particular technologies. SIGNIFICANCE OF EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT External environment may sometimes pretense important threats or heralds the new possibilities for the organization. Any organization is directly been affected by the events happening in environment where the company is believed to be functioning in. External environment will provide the organization with the impetus, paradigm as well as very important factor which will reshape the organization. Organizations which adapts according to the environment will survive in the competition. Business has to maintain good rapport with the external communications like, creditors, investors, union rapport, government, bankers, local community, etc. Most of the companies will maintain the department of customer relationship where it is concerned with the increase in the public relations and public image. The factors which constitute the external business environment are follows: Political factors which affects the benefits and policies from which an organization derived from its system. Soci al factors are, individuals are responsible for the functioning of the organization. Technological factors influences more on the organizations where in todays world technology is being changed rapidly and any organization should cope up with the changes accordingly. And there are more factors which influence the business like, social factors, cultural factors, demographic factors, competitors, etc. EXTERIOR ALONG WITH INNER aspectS OF EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT EXTERNAL FACTORS Businesses are operated in the external environment where the rival businesses competition should be taken into account such as political, legal, economic and social influences. It is often carried out by the planners of business who enables the company develop. Social factors relates to the changes in the society and the social structures. It relates to alters in the population structure, lifestyles of the consumer and their behavior which affects the purchasing patterns. Legal factors relates to the changes in the rules and regulations and laws. Organizations should be careful in keeping the anticipation ways of law by which the changes in the rules affects the manner they should behave. Economic factors relates to the changes in the wider society. A developing economy will be providing the huge opportunities for the businesses for making huge profits, for organizations will hail the increasing living standards. Political factors will relate to ways in the government change and i ts policies which can influence the business. Technological factors will provide the opportunities to the businesses in adopting the innovations, breakthroughs and along with inventions for reducing the cost cuts and also to develop the novel products. INTERNAL FACTORS Opportunities in business environment are the factors which facilitates the potential to a business for expanding and making more profits and sales. Constraints are the factors which restricts the capability to develop and even sales and profits reduction potential. SWOT analysis is the best way in analyzing the constraints and opportunities. Strengths along with weaknesses are the internal factors to organization. Opportunities will relate to the marketplace for the growth of novel technology and also the factors like the government policies. Threats are related to what the competitors are doing and the legal and also the other constraints. WHY EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT REQUIRED Market is been changing all the time and it do not depend on product type but a business has to react to the change or lose the customers. The rapid changes in market are customers requirements are developing day to day, new entrants of competitors, innovation of new technologies which produces new products, countrywide events, and introduction of novel legislations by the government. The type and the total of opposition will depend on market the company functions on like, by running business in a place where many small businesses competitor exists, where a small number of large competitor firms exists, or else where the market changes rapidly. Responsibility and social environment also plays a significant role in the necessity of the external business environment. When public adjust to their attitudes according to their life style it is said to be as social change. Industries should adjust accordingly to their products for meeting the changes. Any business need to be aware of t he social responsibilities and act according to the societys various parts and comet together. Legislation will cover numerous areas of responsibilities which the industry has for its customers, other businesses and the workforce. METHODS: SWOT, PESTAL AND PORTER FIVE FORCE SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT is elaborated as the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. PROCESS OF SWOT For processing the SWOT analysis in an organization, first there should be clear objective for achievement. Then in depth internal attributes need to be analyzed like strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Analyze the SWOT matrix and the weaknesses. WHAT IS SWOT It is acronym which is used for strategic factors for specific companies. An analysis of SWOT is simple however; it is very effective method for strategic planning. Many companies, individuals, teams will use this SWOT analysis for evaluating their strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats, whenever facing with projects which as a particular goal in mind. WHY SWOT IS REQUIRED SWOT is required to visualize analysis of the organization. At the time execution of SWOT analysis it is necessary to know how these elements will function mutually. It is needed to match the inner strengths to the exterior opportunities where it can form key competencies when meeting the customers needs. IMPORTANCE AND LIMITATIONS OF SWOT SWOT is instrument of selection and strategy formulation. It is very sturdy tool, however involves huge subjective factor. It is the best guide to use but not as a prescription. Success organizations construct strengths, make sure their weakness and even defend against inner weakness. Any thing is not free from all limitations even SWOT. It sometimes makes the company to see the circumstances simple and even may overlook some important strategic things. It sometimes becomes pressure onto the key aspects. SWOT Analysis of Marks Spencer PESTLE ANALYSIS PESTLE analysis is Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Legal, and Environment. PROCESS OF PESTLE To start a PESTLE analysis first make sure from whom and how the information should be collected and find the suitable sources of information. Make a template of the information and explore factors and record all information. Examine all result and recognize the main significant troubles plus strategic options. Make report and distribute all findings. WHAT IS PESTLE It is an effective audit of a companys ecological influences by utilizing the information as a steer to strategic verdict making. If an organization is capable of auditing its present environment and even assessing the possible alters, it is then made a good place with its competitors. WHY PESTLE IS REQUIRED PESTLE analysis is essential tool to recognize everything about the environment where a company operates. It is also good to understand the troubles linked by market expansion or decrease and situation and possible instructions of organization. IMPORTANCE AND LIMITATIONS OF PESTLE It is a plain structure which makes possible of considerate wider industry atmosphere. It supports the growth of exterior as well as tactical thoughts. It enables the company in expecting the prospect industry intimidation and what step to be taken to stay away from and their collision on company. Instead of using the scant data some individuals use the simplified information in making decisions. The process should be utilized regularly for effective. The review need to have the dissimilar people from different perceptions. Pestle Analysis of IKEA PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS This analysis says about the Threat of new entrants, Substitution threats, Supplier bargaining authority, Haggling authority of purchaser, Competition within industry. WHAT IS PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS It is very important for strategic formulation. Possibilities of the forces vary from company to company. Porter five forces will together resolve the productivity of the organization as the form of prices may be charged. WHY PORTERS FIVE FORCE IS REQUIRED Porters five forces will differ from organization to organization whatever the industry may be. It influences the profitability which affects the costs, prices and the investment which is essential for survival and rivalry in business. IMPORTANCE AND LIMITATIONS OF PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS This mode helps in building strategic decisions which is utilized by managers in shaping the industrys rival structure. It is a means to provide corporate by analysis of its competition and strategy determination. This model depends on concept of power among the rapports of five forces. It sometimes overlooks the innovation role and even importance of firms differences. It shows a dull competition. An industry should find as well as set up itself in a business to respond to the rivalry forces in favor. PORTERS Five Forces Analysis of Coca Cola Company